Rune library
The rune systems
Runes changed over centuries. The Elder and Younger Futhark are therefore presented separately, each in historical order.
c. 150–800 CE · 24 runes
Elder Futhark
Fehu
Livestock, movable property, and wealth.
ᚢUruz
Uruz denotes aurochs and strength in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /u/.
ᚦThurisaz
Thurisaz denotes giant or threatening force in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /þ/.
ᚨAnsuz
Ansuz denotes deity and speech in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /a/.
ᚱRaidho
Raidho denotes riding and journey in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /r/.
ᚲKenaz
Kenaz denotes ulcer; torch in Old English in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /k/.
ᚷGebo
Gebo denotes gift and exchange in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /g/.
ᚹWunjo
Wunjo denotes joy and well-being in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /w/.
ᚺHagalaz
Hagalaz denotes hail in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /h/.
ᚾNaudiz
Naudiz denotes need and constraint in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /n/.
ᛁIsa
Isa denotes ice in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /i/.
ᛃJera
Jera denotes year and harvest in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /j/.
ᛇEihwaz
Eihwaz denotes yew in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /ï/.
ᛈPerthro
Perthro denotes a rune name of uncertain meaning in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /p/.
ᛉAlgiz
Algiz denotes an uncertain name, later Ýr in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /z/.
ᛊSowilo
Sowilo denotes sun in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /s/.
ᛏTiwaz
Tiwaz denotes the god Týr in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /t/.
ᛒBerkano
Berkano denotes birch in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /b/.
ᛖEhwaz
Ehwaz denotes horse in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /e/.
ᛗMannaz
Mannaz denotes human being in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /m/.
ᛚLaguz
Laguz denotes water or lake in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /l/.
ᛜIngwaz
Ingwaz denotes Ing, a divine name in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /ŋ/.
ᛞDagaz
Dagaz denotes day in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /d/.
ᛟOthala
Othala denotes inherited estate or homeland in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /o/.
c. 700–1100 CE · 16 runes
Younger Futhark
Fé
Fé denotes wealth and livestock in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /f/v/.
ᚢÚr
Úr denotes rain or slag, depending on tradition in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /u/.
ᚦÞurs
Þurs denotes giant in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /þ/.
ᚬÓss
Óss denotes god or estuary, depending on tradition in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /o/.
ᚱReið
Reið denotes riding and journey in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /r/.
ᚴKaun
Kaun denotes ulcer in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /k/g/.
ᚼHagall
Hagall denotes hail in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /h/.
ᚾNauðr
Nauðr denotes need and constraint in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /n/.
ᛁÍss
Íss denotes ice in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /i/.
ᛅÁr
Ár denotes good year and harvest in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /a/.
ᛋSól
Sól denotes sun in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /s/.
ᛏTýr
Týr denotes the god Týr in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /t/d/.
ᛒBjarkan
Bjarkan denotes birch in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /b/p/.
ᛘMaðr
Maðr denotes human being in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /m/.
ᛚLögr
Lögr denotes water in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /l/.
ᛦÝr
Ýr denotes yew or bow in the transmitted rune names. Its sound value is /ʀ/.